Iron (Fe) and steel-making industries are major contributors to global CO2 emissions, accounting for 7% of total industry emissions. Electrolytic ironmaking processes emerge as one promising route for sustainable ironmaking, because of their potential to decarbonize process heat and eliminate carbon-based reductants, the two major carbon emission sources in ironmaking. Among various electrolytic ironmaking routes, molten oxide electrolysis and alkaline electrolysis have attracted the most attention in the past decade. Acidic electrolysis, despite its unique advantages, remains less studied due to the severe hydrogen evolution side reaction and the resulting low faradaic efficiency. In this work, we report a novel ironmaking process in acidic electrolytes, Acidic electro-Winning in Anion-Rich Electrolytes (AWARE), which successfully addresses the low-efficiency problem of acidic electrolysis by leveraging novel anion-rich electrolytes that were invented based on recent breakthroughs in aqueous electrolyte science. Read More.